In API documentation for host.get method:
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/manual/api/reference/host/get
it does not clearly specify if the filters are applied with "and"or "or" relationship.

The term used there is confusing, for example for groupids

Return only hosts that belong to the given groups.

Can be interpreted as returning only hosts that belong to ALL listed grouid's ("and" relationship) while in reality it returns all hosts that belong to ANY of the given groupids.

There is also another option which in this case doesn't make much sense:
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/manual/api/reference_commentary

searchByAny boolean If set to true return results that match any of the criteria given in the filter or search parameter instead of all of them.
Default: false.

This suggests that by default search should use "AND" and only switch to "OR" if this is enabled.

There should be an option to search using "AND" parameter and the behavior should be clearly documented.